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USS ''Razorback'' (SS-394), a , was the only ship of the United States Navy to be named after the razorback, a species of whale (''Balaenoptera physalus'') found in the far southern reaches of the Pacific Ocean. It is arguably the longest-serving submarine still existing in the world, having been commissioned by two different countries for 53 years of active duty. In 2004, the state of Arkansas adopted the submarine, although it was not named after the University of Arkansas mascot. Her keel was laid down by the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine on 9 September 1943. She was launched on 27 January 1944 along with and . was launched a few hours later, making 27 January 1944 the first and only time the US Navy has launched four submarines at one shipyard in a single day. ''Razorback'' was sponsored by Mrs. H. F. D. Davis, and commissioned on 3 April 1944 with Lieutenant Commander Albert M. Bontier in command. == World War II == During shakedown exercises off New London, Connecticut, ''Razorback'' ran aground off Race Rock in Block Island Sound. A board of inquiry removed Bontier and the executive officer, Lieutenant John Haines, and replaced them respectively with Commander Roy S. Benson and Lieutenant Commander C. Donald Brown. After shakedown off New England, ''Razorback'' sailed to Pearl Harbor. Her first war patrol, commencing 25 August, was conducted east of Luzon as a member of an offensive group in support of the mid-September Palau landings. After sighting only enemy antisubmarine planes, she headed northeastward, arriving at Midway Island on 19 October. On 15 November ''Razorback'' sailed from Midway Island on her second war patrol under the command of Lieutenant Commander Brown in company with and . Operating with these submarines in the Luzon Straits, ''Razorback'' damaged 6933 ton freighter ''Kenjo Maru'' on 6 December and sank the old 820 ton destroyer ''Kuretake'' and damaged another freighter on 30 December. She arrived at Guam for refit on 5 January 1945. On 1 February ''Razorback'' set out for the East China Sea for her third war patrol, this time accompanied by ''Segundo'' and . After sinking four wooden ships in three separate surface gun actions, she deposited three Japanese prisoners at Guam before terminating her patrol at Pearl Harbor on 26 March 1945. On 7 May ''Razorback'' headed west again. Assigned to lifeguard duty in the Nanpō Islands and Tokyo Bay areas, she rescued Lieutenant Colonel Charles E. Taylor, a P-51 fighter pilot from the 21st Fighter Group on 25 May. On 5 June she rescued four B-29 Superfortress crewmen shot down during an air raid over Kobe, Japan. ''Razorback'' retired to Midway Island to end that patrol and refit on 27 June. On 22 July ''Razorback'' departed Midway Island for patrol in the Okhotsk Sea, where she sank six wooden cargo sea trucks and damaged two in a surface gun action. The remainder of the patrol was spent performing lifeguard services off Paramushiro for Alaska-based planes. On 31 August ''Razorback'' entered Tokyo Bay with 11 other submarines to take part in the formal Japanese surrender. She departed 3 September, arrived at Pearl Harbor on 11 September and San Diego, on 20 September. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Razorback (SS-394)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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